What is Eczema?

What is Eczema?
Understanding the Complexity of a Common Skin Condition

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a common skin condition that affects people of all ages. This chronic inflammatory disorder is characterized by dryness and intense itching and can range from mild to severe. In this blog post, we will explore the causes, symptoms, and potential management strategies for eczema.

Defining Eczema

Eczema is a term used to describe a group of skin conditions that cause inflammation, irritation, and often intense itching. The most common type is atopic dermatitis, which usually begins in infancy and can continue into adulthood. Other types of eczema include contact dermatitis, nummular eczema, and dyshidrotic eczema, each with its own specific characteristics.

Causes and Triggers of Eczema

The exact cause of eczema is not yet known, but it is widely accepted that it occurs as a result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Eczema may be more likely to develop in individuals with a history of asthma or hay fever. Environmental triggers such as irritants, allergens and stress can worsen symptoms or cause relapses.

Eczema Symptoms

Eczema can manifest itself differently in each individual, but common symptoms include:

Itching

One of the telltale signs of eczema is constant itching, which can be intense. Scratching the affected areas can lead to further irritation and even skin infections.

Red or Brown Spots

The skin may appear red or brown in the affected areas. In some cases, small, blister-like rashes may develop.

Dry, Flaky Skin

Eczema can cause the skin to become dry and flaky. In severe cases, the skin can crack and bleed.

Inflammation

Inflammation is the main component of eczema and can result in redness, swelling, and discomfort.

Managing and Treating Eczema

There is currently no cure for eczema, but there are several strategies that can help manage symptoms and improve the quality of life of individuals affected by the condition.

Moistening

It is very important to keep the skin well hydrated. Regular use of moisturisers or emollients will help prevent dryness and reduce the risk of recurrence.

Topical Steroids and Immunosuppressants

In cases of moderate to severe eczema, healthcare professionals may prescribe topical steroids or immunosuppressant medications to relieve inflammation.

Identifying Triggers

Understanding possible triggers and avoiding triggers such as certain fabrics, detergents, or food allergens can play an important role in managing eczema.

Antihistamines

People with eczema may be prescribed oral antihistamines to relieve itching and improve sleep quality.

Stress Management

Stress can worsen eczema symptoms, so incorporating stress management techniques such as meditation or yoga may be helpful.

Prescription Drugs

In severe cases, doctors may prescribe oral corticosteroids or newer biologic medications to control inflammation.